Alok Bhargava, University of Maryland

 This article emphasizes the need for broader approaches for formulating policies for mitigating the effects of climate change especially in the contexts of agricultural decisions, and population health and migration. Constraints imposed by rapid population growth in developing countries for the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals are discussed and evidence is presented on “unwanted” fertility from India. Second, comparisons are made for India during 2002-2016 for average well depths in 495 districts and terrestrial water storage anomalies assessed via GRACE satellites for 274 1×1 degree grids using estimated parameters from dynamic random effects models; effects of population growth for groundwater depletion are underscored. Lastly, migration patterns, especially of the highly educated from 39 sending countries to OECD countries during 2000-2010, are analyzed using dynamic random effects models and total fertility rates were significantly associated with higher migration rates for the highly educated. Implications of the empirical evidence for enhancing global sustainability are discussed.